India is reportedly considering revising the 1996 Ganges Water Sharing Treaty with Bangladesh, as the agreement nears its expiration in 2026. The development comes amid India’s decision to suspend its Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan, prompting a broader review of cross-border river agreements.
Signed during Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s first tenure in 1996, the treaty outlines water distribution from the Ganges River at the Farakka Barrage during the dry season between January 1 and May 31. The agreement was crucial in resolving longstanding disputes over the diversion of water from the barrage to maintain navigability at the Kolkata port.
According to the existing arrangement, both countries receive 35,000 cusecs of water alternately in ten-day cycles from March 11 to May 11. However, India is now seeking an additional 30,000–35,000 cusecs during the dry season, citing increased demand for irrigation, port maintenance, and hydropower generation.
The Farakka Barrage, built across the Bhagirathi River just 10 kilometers upstream from the Bangladesh border, channels nearly 40,000 cusecs daily into a feeder canal to serve the Kolkata Port Trust.
Indian officials believe the current treaty, while beneficial at the time of signing, may no longer meet the needs of present-day water usage. Sources indicate that the West Bengal state government supports a revision of the treaty, arguing that existing provisions are insufficient to meet regional demands.
Any amendment or renewal of the treaty would require mutual agreement from both India and Bangladesh. Observers note that discussions in the coming months will be critical in determining whether a fresh accord will be negotiated or if the existing one will be extended.
LND/SAE
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